Difference between revisions of "MultiMediaCard"

Latest revision as of 13:54, 7 July 2020

Instructions to use the MultiMediaCard (MMC/SD) on your Armadeus board

Introduction

You can use standard MMC/SD/miniSD/microSD cards with your Armadeus board:

with an APF9328 DevLight V1, you must have the corresponding connector attached to your development board. and use an adaptor for miniSD and microSD,
with an APF9328 DevLight V2, you can use the onboard microSD connector,
with an APF9328DevFull, you can use the MMC/SD onboard connector and an adaptor for miniSD and microSD,
with an APF27Dev, an APF28Dev, an APF51Dev or an APF6Dev, you can use the onboard microSD connector.

All needed drivers are included in the standard Armadeus Linux image.

Card insertion

You should see something like that on the Linux console:

 # imx-mmc imx-mmc.0: card inserted
 mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch. assuming write-enable.
 mmc0: new SD card at address 01b0
 mmcblk0: mmc0:01b0 SD512 500224KiB
  mmcblk0: p1

Mounting the MMC/SD from Linux

Just mount the MMC like you will do on your PC:

 # mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /media/mmc             (on all APF *except* APF6)

 # mount /dev/mmcblk1p1 /media/mmc             (on APF6)

Then, you can access the MMC's files from the /media/mmc directory. Filesystem should be automagically detected.
Of course if you have several partitions on your MMC/SD they will be named p1/p2/p3...
If you have problems with vfat code page, include the missing code page into the kernel.

Booting from MMC/SD

When your rootfs is too big to be put on the APF Flash, you can always use a MMC/SD like a Hard Drive and boot from it (this is possible because standard Armadeus kernel is compiled with the MMC driver built in).

Prepare your card

On your APF board (to avoid to crash your Host HD), create a good partition table on MMC (X is the id of the device, for example 1 on APF6):

 # /sbin/fdisk /dev/mmcblkX

 Delete all existing partion with 'd'
 Create a primary partion: 'n' then 'p' then '1' then 2x'ENTER'
 Change bootflag to Linux: 't' then '83'
 Save partition table: 'w'
 (To quit without saving: 'm')

If your APF has the mkfs tools, then format your MMC:

 # mkfs.ext4 -O ^64bit /dev/mmcblkXp1

Otherwise, on your PC, format your MMC with Ext2 or Ext3/4 filesystems (booting on FAT is bad :-) ):

 $ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdX1   (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated
                                           MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)

If not automatically detected/mounted by your distribution, mount your MMC/SD on your Host filesystem (for example in /media/mmc):

 $ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc
 $ sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /media/mmc    (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated
                                                   MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)

Put your rootfs and Linux kernel on the MMC/SD

Buildroot should be configured by default to generate a tar-ed rootfs, if not (no *.tar in buildroot/output/images/) then you can activate it with:

$ make menuconfig

Filesystem images  --->
...
    [*] tar the root filesystem
          Compression method (no compression)  --->
    ()    other random options to pass to tar
...

$ make

Then you have to uncompress the tar-ed rootfs to the MMC/SD card (mounted as /media/mmc on your PC in the following instructions).

Note: The APF51 (with U-Boot version older than 2013.04) and the APF9328 do not load the kernel from the SD card but use the one in Flash instead.

$ make shell_env
$ source armadeus_env.sh
$ sudo tar xvf $ARMADEUS_ROOTFS_TAR -C /media/mmc

You can also copy the Linux kernel to the rootfs /boot folder and dtb files for recent kernel supporting it:

$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc/boot/dtbs
$ sudo cp $ARMADEUS_BINARIES/$ARMADEUS_BOARD_NAME-linux.bin /media/mmc/boot/
$ sudo cp $ARMADEUS_BINARIES/*.dtb /media/mmc/boot/dtbs/

Then umount your MMC/SD from your PC:

$ sudo umount /media/mmc

Boot

Insert the MMC/SD/microSD in the corresponding slot of your Armadeus board and then under U-Boot do:

 BIOS> run mmcboot

if you want to automatically boot from SD at each startup, modify the bootcmd U-Boot macro:

 BIOS> setenv bootcmd run mmcboot
 BIOS> saveenv

(default bootcmd when you receive your board is run jffsboot = boot from FLASH)

Performances

Show tested cards performances

Troubleshots

VFAT Code Page

If you encounter this message (or something similar):

Unable to load NLS charset cp437
FAT: codepage cp437 not found

you have to add the charset to the supported kernel ones:

$ make linux-menuconfig

File systems  ---> 
    -*- Native language support  --->
        <*>   Codepage 437 (United States, Canada)
        ...
        <*>   NLS ISO 8859-1  (Latin 1; Western European Languages)
        ...

U-Boot usage

SD cards can also be used with U-Boot. The following commands are useful:

Scan the MMC:

BIOS> mmc rescan

List the MMC content:

BIOS> fatls mmc 0

Load the file xxx.bin in RAM:

BIOS> fatload mmc 0 ${loadaddr} xxx.bin

On last APF/OPOS the eMMC mounted on board have the same behavior of SD Cards, but not formatted as with fat system files. Then to read partition ext2ls and ext4ls commands can be used (example on apf6):

BIOS> ext2ls mmc 0
<DIR>       1024 .
<DIR>       1024 ..
<DIR>      12288 lost+found
         4944000 apf6-linux.bin
<DIR>       1024 dtbs
           36690 imx6q-apf6dev.dtb
           33873 imx6dl-apf6dev.dtb
# or with partition number :
BIOS> ext2ls mmc 0:1

Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MultiMedia_Card

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 You can use standard MMC/SD/miniSD/microSD cards with your Armadeus board:
-* with a DevLight V1 you must have [[MMC/SD | the corresponding connector attached to your development board.]] and use an adaptor for miniSD and microSD
+* with an APF9328 DevLight V1, you must have [[MMC/SD | the corresponding connector attached to your development board.]] and use an adaptor for miniSD and microSD,
-* with a DevLight V2 you can use the onboard microSD connector
+* with an APF9328 DevLight V2, you can use the onboard microSD connector,
-* with a DevFull you can use the MMC/SD onboard connector and an adaptor for miniSD and microSD
+* with an [[APF9328DevFull]], you can use the MMC/SD onboard connector and an adaptor for miniSD and microSD,
+* with an [[APF27Dev]], an [[APF28Dev]], an [[APF51Dev]] or an [[APF6Dev]], you can use the onboard microSD connector.
-==Installation (obsolete now because driver is included in default Armadeus kernel)==
+All needed drivers are included in the standard Armadeus Linux image.
-When you build your kernel image, then modify its configuration:
+==Card insertion==
-  [armadeus]$ make linux-menuconfig
+You should see something like that on the Linux console:
-in Device Drivers->MMC/SD Card support->iMX Support
+<pre class="apf">
-In FileSystems, don't forget to add support for the filesystem you want to use on the MMC and if you activate FAT/VFAT, don't forget to activate Native Language Support (NLS)
+  # imx-mmc imx-mmc.0: card inserted
-otherwise you'll get errors like:
+ mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch. assuming write-enable.
-  Unable to load NLS charset cp437
+ mmc0: new SD card at address 01b0
- FAT: codepage cp437 not found
+  mmcblk0: mmc0:01b0 SD512 500224KiB
+  mmcblk0: p1
+</pre>
-Save your configuration and then rebuild your kernel image:
+==Mounting the MMC/SD from Linux==
- [armadeus]$ make linux
-now you should have following drivers in your kernel source tree:
- drivers/mmc/
-Copy '''mmc_core.ko''', '''imxmmc.ko''' & '''mmc_block.ko''' to your target root filessytem in '''/lib/modules/''' or reflash the generated rootfs.
-If not already existing then create the MMC block devices:
+* Just mount the MMC like you will do on your PC:
-  # mknod /dev/mmcblk0 b 254 0
+<pre class="apf">
-  # mknod /dev/mmcblk0p1 b 254 1
+  # mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /media/mmc             (on all APF *except* APF6)
-If not already existing then create the mount point (/mnt/mmc):
+</pre>
- # mkdir -p /mnt/mmc
+<pre class="apf">
+  # mount /dev/mmcblk1p1 /media/mmc             (on APF6)
+</pre>
+* Then, you can access the MMC's files from the ''/media/mmc'' directory. Filesystem should be automagically detected.
+* Of course if you have several partitions on your MMC/SD they will be named p1/p2/p3...
+* If you have problems with vfat code page, [[MultiMediaCard#VFAT_Code_Page|include the missing code page into the kernel]].
-==Usage==
+==Booting from MMC/SD==
+When your rootfs is too big to be put on the APF Flash, you can always use a MMC/SD like a Hard Drive and boot from it (this is possible because standard Armadeus kernel is compiled with the MMC driver built in).
-Just mount the MMC like you will do on your PC, for example (FAT32 formatted card):
+===Prepare your card===
-  # mount -t vfat /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/mmc
+* On your APF board (to avoid to crash your Host HD), create a good partition table on MMC (X is the id of the device, for example 1 on [[APF6]]):
-You can then access the MMC's files from /mnt/mmc directory
+<pre class="apf">
+  # /sbin/fdisk /dev/mmcblkX
-The MMC driver is now included inside the Linux kernel (no more a module) but if you want to use it as a module you will have to:
+ Delete all existing partion with 'd'
-  # modprobe imxmmc
+ Create a primary partion: 'n' then 'p' then '1' then 2x'ENTER'
-  # modprobe mmc_block
+ Change bootflag to Linux: 't' then '83'
+ Save partition table: 'w'
+ (To quit without saving: 'm')
+</pre>
+* If your APF has the ''mkfs'' tools, then format your MMC:
+<pre class="apf">
+ # mkfs.ext4 -O ^64bit /dev/mmcblkXp1
+</pre>
+* Otherwise, on your PC, format your MMC with Ext2 or Ext3/4 filesystems (booting on FAT is bad :-) ):
+<pre class="host">
+ $ sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdX1   (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated
+                                           MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)
+</pre>
+* If not automatically detected/mounted by your distribution, mount your MMC/SD on your Host filesystem (for example in ''/media/mmc''):
+<pre class="host">
+  $ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc
+  $ sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /media/mmc    (replace X with your MMC reader drive letter, if your Laptop has an integrated
+                                                   MMC reader then use mmcblk0p1 instead of sdX1)
+</pre>
-==Booting from MMC/SD==
+===Put your rootfs and Linux kernel on the MMC/SD===
-When your rootfs is too big to be put on the APF9328 FLASH, you can always use a MMC/SD like a Hard Drive and boot from it. '''To do that you must have MMC drivers compiled as builtin in your Linux kernel (done by default in standard Armadeus kernel)'''
+* Buildroot should be configured by default to generate a tar-ed rootfs, '''if not''' (no *.tar in ''buildroot/output/images/'') then you can activate it with:
-* Mount your MMC/SD on your Host filesystem, for example in ''/media/mmc''
+<pre class="host">
- [armadeus] $ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc
+$ make menuconfig
-  [armadeus] $ sudo mount /dev/sdxx /media/mmc
+</pre>
-* Then put your rootfs on this MMC/SD: in Buildroot configure rootfs to be tar-ed:
- [armadeus] $ make menuconfig
+<pre class="config">
-  Target filesystem options  ---> tar the root filesystem
+Filesystem images  --->
- [armadeus] $ make
+...
-and then:
+    [*] tar the root filesystem
- [armadeus] $ sudo tar xvf ./buildroot/binaries/armadeus/rootfs.arm.tar -C /media/mmc
+          Compression method (no compression)  --->
- [armadeus] $ sudo umount /media/mmc
+    ()    other random options to pass to tar
-* in U-Boot then use (with MMC/SD/microSD inserted):
+...
+</pre>
+<pre class="host">
+$ make
+</pre>
+* Then you have to uncompress the tar-ed rootfs to the MMC/SD card (mounted as ''/media/mmc'' on your PC in the following instructions).
+{{Note | The APF51 (with U-Boot version older than 2013.04) and the APF9328 do not load the kernel from the SD card but use the one in Flash instead. }}
+<pre class="host">
+$ make shell_env
+$ source armadeus_env.sh
+$ sudo tar xvf $ARMADEUS_ROOTFS_TAR -C /media/mmc
+</pre>
+* You can also copy the Linux kernel to the rootfs ''/boot'' folder and dtb files for recent kernel supporting it:
+<pre class="host">
+$ sudo mkdir -p /media/mmc/boot/dtbs
+$ sudo cp $ARMADEUS_BINARIES/$ARMADEUS_BOARD_NAME-linux.bin /media/mmc/boot/
+$ sudo cp $ARMADEUS_BINARIES/*.dtb /media/mmc/boot/dtbs/
+</pre>
+* Then umount your MMC/SD from your PC:
+<pre class="host">
+$ sudo umount /media/mmc
+</pre>
+===Boot===
+* Insert the MMC/SD/microSD in the corresponding slot of your Armadeus board and then under U-Boot do:
+<pre class="apf">
   BIOS> run mmcboot
-* if you want to automatically boot from SD at each startup then replace default ''bootcmd'' U-Boot macro:
+</pre>
+* if you want to automatically boot from SD at each startup, modify the ''bootcmd'' U-Boot macro:
+<pre class="apf">
   BIOS> setenv bootcmd run mmcboot
   BIOS> saveenv
-(default bootcmd is ''run jffsboot'')
+</pre>
+(default bootcmd when you receive your board is ''run jffsboot'' = boot from FLASH)
-==TBDL==
+==Performances==
+* [[MMC/SD#Supported_Cards| Show tested cards performances]]
-==Links==
+==Troubleshots==
+===VFAT Code Page===
+If you encounter this message (or something similar):
+ Unable to load NLS charset cp437
+ FAT: codepage cp437 not found
+you have to add the charset to the supported kernel ones:
+ $ make linux-menuconfig
+<pre class="config">
+File systems  --->
+    -*- Native language support  --->
+        <*>   Codepage 437 (United States, Canada)
+        ...
+        <*>   NLS ISO 8859-1  (Latin 1; Western European Languages)
+        ...
+</pre>
-* http://www.linux-usb.org/gadget/
+==U-Boot usage==
+SD cards can also be used with U-Boot.
+The following commands are useful:
+* Scan the MMC:
+<pre class="apf">
+BIOS> mmc rescan
+</pre>
+* List the MMC content:
+<pre class="apf">
+BIOS> fatls mmc 0
+</pre>
+* Load the file xxx.bin in RAM:
+<pre class="apf">
+BIOS> fatload mmc 0 ${loadaddr} xxx.bin
+</pre>
+On last APF/OPOS the eMMC mounted on board have the same behavior of SD Cards, but not formatted as with fat system files. Then to read partition '''ext2ls''' and '''ext4ls''' commands can be used (example on apf6):
+<pre class="apf">
+BIOS> ext2ls mmc 0
+<DIR>       1024 .
+<DIR>       1024 ..
+<DIR>      12288 lost+found
+         4944000 apf6-linux.bin
+<DIR>       1024 dtbs
+imx6q-apf6dev.dtb
+imx6dl-apf6dev.dtb
+# or with partition number :
+BIOS> ext2ls mmc 0:1
+</pre>
+==Links==
+* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MultiMedia_Card
-[[Image:FrenchFlag.png]][[Fr:MultiMediaCard| Cette page en français]]
+[[Category:MassStorage]]

Difference between revisions of "MultiMediaCard"

Latest revision as of 13:54, 7 July 2020

Contents

Introduction

Card insertion

Mounting the MMC/SD from Linux

Booting from MMC/SD

Prepare your card

Put your rootfs and Linux kernel on the MMC/SD

Boot

Performances

Troubleshots

VFAT Code Page

U-Boot usage

Links

Navigation menu

Views

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Support/community

Development

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