Difference between revisions of "Android"
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[[Image:Android-logo.png]] | [[Image:Android-logo.png]] | ||
− | This page will | + | This page will summarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards. |
− | {{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328}} | + | {{Note| Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328. Currently, only APF27 port was tested. }} |
==Some readings before starting== | ==Some readings before starting== | ||
Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
==Prerequisites for Android installation== | ==Prerequisites for Android installation== | ||
===Install needed software packages=== | ===Install needed software packages=== | ||
− | * Install these | + | * Install these packages to build the kernel image and to format the SD/microSD card |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | + | sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils | |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
* The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches | * The Armadeus [[Toolchain]], only for Armadeus patches | ||
Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere! | Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere! | ||
<pre class="config"> | <pre class="config"> | ||
− | export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/ | + | export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/android-eclair |
− | export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk- | + | export ANDROID_KERNEL=~/android-kernel |
+ | export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux | ||
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1 | export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1 | ||
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin | export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin | ||
Line 26: | Line 27: | ||
===Download Android source=== | ===Download Android source=== | ||
− | List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads] | + | * List of different Android branch: [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/manifest.git;a=heads heads]. |
− | The [http://source.android.com/ | + | * The [http://source.android.com/source/initializing.html "Initializing a Build Environment"] document describes how to set up your local work/build environment. Follow the given instructions until ''Downloading the Source Tree / Installing Repo'' chapter. |
− | Follow | + | |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | $ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE | + | $ mkdir -p $ANDROID_SOURCE |
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE | $ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE | ||
$ mkdir bin | $ mkdir bin | ||
− | $ curl | + | $ curl https://dl-ssl.google.com/dl/googlesource/git-repo/repo > $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo |
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo | $ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo | ||
− | $ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android- | + | $ export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin |
− | $ repo sync | + | ##$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b eclair-release ??? |
+ | $ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest -b android-2.1_r2 | ||
+ | $ repo sync (will take some time and ~1,5GBytes) | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source | + | * Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't included with the Android source anymore. We can download it in a compressed archive (tar.gz): [http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=snapshot;h=refs/heads/android-2.6.29;sf=tgz android-kernel-2.6.29] (about 70 MBytes) or from the git repository (more than 300 MBytes): |
− | We can download it in a | + | |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | $ mkdir $ | + | $ mkdir $ANDROID_KERNEL |
− | $ cd $ | + | $ cd $ANDROID_KERNEL |
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29 | $ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
+ | * If kernel.org is down, you can still get android kernel sources from GitHub mirror (zip file): https://github.com/android/kernel_common/tree/archive/android-2.6.29 | ||
+ | * '''Updates ANDROID_KERNEL envt variable''': | ||
+ | ANDROID_KERNEL=$ANDROID_KERNEL/android-2.6.29 | ||
==Linux Kernel 2.6.29== | ==Linux Kernel 2.6.29== | ||
===Apply the Armadeus patchset=== | ===Apply the Armadeus patchset=== | ||
− | Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. | + | * Before compiling the android kernel, we need to patch the source with the Armadeus patches. |
+ | {{Warning| Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too}} | ||
+ | <strike> | ||
+ | $ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_KERNEL $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.6.bz2 | ||
+ | </strike> | ||
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | $ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ | + | $ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_KERNEL $ARMADEUS/patches/linux/2.6.29 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2} |
− | + | $ mkdir $ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/armadeus | |
− | $ mkdir $ | + | $ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/armadeus |
− | $ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ | + | |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | + | *To generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default [[APF27]] Linux configuration and modify it to suit android needs: | |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | $ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ | + | $ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_KERNEL/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig |
− | $ cd $ | + | $ cd $ANDROID_KERNEL |
− | $ make ARCH=arm mrproper | + | $ make ARCH=arm mrproper (if not first build) |
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig | $ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig | ||
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig | $ make ARCH=arm menuconfig | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | * Compile it: | ||
+ | <pre class="host"> | ||
+ | $ PATH=$PATH:$ARMADEUS/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin (to have mkimage tool) | ||
+ | $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage | ||
+ | $ cp $ANDROID_KERNEL/arch/arm/boot/uImage /tftpboot/apf27-linux.bin | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system) | + | * Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. |
− | *Android pmem allocator | + | |
+ | ===Android kernel configuration=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system): | ||
+ | <pre class="host"> | ||
+ | $ cd $ANDROID_KERNEL | ||
+ | $ make ARCH=arm menuconfig | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Activate the ''Android pmem allocator'' | ||
<pre class="config"> | <pre class="config"> | ||
Device Drivers ---> | Device Drivers ---> | ||
Line 73: | Line 95: | ||
[*] Android pmem allocator | [*] Android pmem allocator | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | * Android drivers | + | * Activate the ''Android drivers'' |
<pre class="config"> | <pre class="config"> | ||
Device Drivers ---> | Device Drivers ---> | ||
Line 88: | Line 110: | ||
[*] Android Low Memory Killer | [*] Android Low Memory Killer | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | * Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem | + | * Activate the ''Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem'' |
<pre class="config"> | <pre class="config"> | ||
General setup ---> | General setup ---> | ||
[*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem | [*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ===Power management configuration=== | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
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− | + | ||
− | === | + | |
<pre class="config"> | <pre class="config"> | ||
Power management options ---> | Power management options ---> | ||
Line 118: | Line 122: | ||
[*] Wake lock stats (NEW) | [*] Wake lock stats (NEW) | ||
[*] Userspace wake locks (NEW) | [*] Userspace wake locks (NEW) | ||
− | [*] Early suspend (NEW) | + | [*] Early suspend (NEW) |
User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---> | User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---> | ||
− | (X) Sysfs interface | + | (X) Sysfs interface |
− | + | ||
+ | Device Drivers ---> | ||
+ | <*> Power supply class support ---> | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Touchscreen kernel configuration=== | ||
+ | * Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver | ||
+ | <pre class="config"> | ||
Device Drivers ---> | Device Drivers ---> | ||
Input device support ---> | Input device support ---> | ||
Line 129: | Line 140: | ||
<*> Hardware Monitoring support ---> | <*> Hardware Monitoring support ---> | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Audio kernel configuration=== | ||
+ | * Include in the compiled kernel the audio driver | ||
+ | <pre class="config"> | ||
+ | Device Drivers ---> | ||
+ | <*> Sound card support ---> | ||
+ | --- Sound card support | ||
+ | <*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---> | ||
+ | [*] ARM sound devices ---> | ||
+ | --- ARM sound | ||
+ | <*> i.MX27 SSI driver | ||
+ | <*> TSC210x alsa driver | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | ===Modify touchscreen driver=== | ||
+ | * Android doesn't use tslib library, so we have to add the calibration data directly in the touchscreen driver. | ||
+ | * Edit ''$ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/input/touchscreen/tsc2102_ts.c'' and add new definitions for X and Y ranges: | ||
+ | <source lang="c"> | ||
+ | #include <linux/spi/tsc2102.h> | ||
+ | |||
+ | #define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen" | ||
+ | +#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000 | ||
+ | +#define X_AXIS_MIN 0 | ||
+ | +#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200 | ||
+ | +#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100 | ||
+ | +#define PRESSURE_MIN 20 | ||
+ | +#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000 | ||
+ | +#define FACTOR 5000 | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen: | ||
+ | <source lang="c"> | ||
+ | static void tsc210x_touch(int touching) | ||
+ | { | ||
+ | if (!touching) { | ||
+ | - input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0); | ||
+ | - input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0); | ||
+ | + input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0); | ||
+ | input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0); | ||
+ | input_sync(dev); | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | - input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching); | ||
+ | - | ||
+ | - do_poke_blanked_console = 1; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | <source lang="c"> | ||
+ | static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2) | ||
+ | { | ||
+ | int p; | ||
+ | |||
+ | /* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */ | ||
+ | if (z1 != 0) | ||
+ | - p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4); | ||
+ | + p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR; | ||
+ | else | ||
+ | p = 1; | ||
+ | |||
+ | + y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y; | ||
+ | + input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1); | ||
+ | input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x); | ||
+ | input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y); | ||
+ | input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p); | ||
+ | input_sync(dev); | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges | ||
+ | <source lang="c"> | ||
+ | static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) | ||
+ | { | ||
+ | int status; | ||
+ | |||
+ | dev = input_allocate_device(); | ||
+ | if (!dev) | ||
+ | return -ENOMEM; | ||
+ | |||
+ | status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch); | ||
+ | if (status) { | ||
+ | goto error; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords); | ||
+ | if (status) { | ||
+ | goto error; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | dev->name = DRIVER_NAME; | ||
+ | dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev; | ||
+ | dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS); | ||
+ | dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH); | ||
+ | dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE); | ||
+ | + input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0); | ||
+ | + input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0); | ||
+ | + input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0); | ||
+ | status = input_register_device(dev); | ||
+ | if (status) { | ||
+ | printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n"); | ||
+ | goto error; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n"); | ||
+ | return 0; | ||
+ | |||
+ | error: | ||
+ | input_free_device(dev); | ||
+ | return status; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </source> | ||
===Build Android kernel=== | ===Build Android kernel=== | ||
+ | * Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot loader: | ||
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
+ | $ cd $ANDROID_KERNEL | ||
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage | $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage | ||
− | $ cp $ | + | $ cp $ANDROID_KERNEL/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
+ | * Check it is still booting on your board. | ||
==Android== | ==Android== | ||
===Battery patch=== | ===Battery patch=== | ||
+ | {{Note| I'm not sure the following changes for Battery are still needed if "Power class supply" is selected in Linux menuconfig (cf above) -- [[User:JulienB|JulienB]] 13:16, 3 November 2011 (UTC)}} | ||
+ | |||
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board. | At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board. | ||
− | Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under | + | Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under ''/sys/class/power_supply'' so that to prevent the power down by low battery ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp'' |
*Change the battery service status as TRUE | *Change the battery service status as TRUE | ||
<source lang="c"> | <source lang="c"> | ||
Line 174: | Line 299: | ||
} | } | ||
</source> | </source> | ||
− | *Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair. | + | * Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair. |
<source lang="c"> | <source lang="c"> | ||
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj) | static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj) | ||
Line 208: | Line 333: | ||
===Audio=== | ===Audio=== | ||
− | + | For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source | |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external | + | cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external |
− | git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/ | + | git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git |
− | git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/ | + | git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git |
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware | cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware | ||
− | git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git | + | git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk | + | |
+ | edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk'' and modify the audio divers used by Android | ||
<pre class="config"> | <pre class="config"> | ||
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true | # HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true | ||
Line 223: | Line 349: | ||
BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true | BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br> | + | |
− | edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/ | + | edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp'' and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures <br> |
+ | edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/devices.c'' and add audio device in Linux devices | ||
<source lang="c"> | <source lang="c"> | ||
static struct perms_ devperms[] = { | static struct perms_ devperms[] = { | ||
Line 236: | Line 363: | ||
}; | }; | ||
</source> | </source> | ||
+ | |||
<source lang="c"> | <source lang="c"> | ||
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent) | static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent) | ||
Line 243: | Line 371: | ||
int block; | int block; | ||
... | ... | ||
− | + | } else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) { | |
− | + | base = "/dev/mtd/"; | |
− | + | mkdir(base, 0755); | |
− | + | // add this conditionnal block | |
− | + | } else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) { | |
− | + | base = "/dev/snd/"; | |
− | + | mkdir(base, 0755); | |
− | + | } else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) && | |
− | + | !strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) { | |
− | + | base = "/dev/log/"; | |
− | + | mkdir(base, 0755); | |
− | + | name += 4; | |
− | + | } else | |
− | + | base = "/dev/"; | |
− | + | } | |
− | + | ||
</source> | </source> | ||
− | + | Add audio files in Android files system | |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | + | mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media | |
− | + | mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio | |
− | + | mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui | |
− | + | mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms | |
− | + | mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications | |
− | + | mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones | |
− | + | cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ | |
− | + | cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/ | |
− | + | cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/ | |
− | + | cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/ | |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
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===Android start up=== | ===Android start up=== | ||
− | + | Edit ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc'', comment/remove/change the '''mount roofs''' in read only mode and '''mount yaffs2''' lines like this: | |
− | + | ||
<pre class="config"> | <pre class="config"> | ||
# setup the global environment | # setup the global environment | ||
Line 378: | Line 414: | ||
export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar | export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar | ||
− | + | + mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount | |
# Backward compatibility | # Backward compatibility | ||
symlink /system/etc /etc | symlink /system/etc /etc | ||
+ | symlink /sys/kernel/debug /d | ||
# create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals | # create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals | ||
Line 388: | Line 425: | ||
mkdir /data 0771 system system | mkdir /data 0771 system system | ||
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache | mkdir /cache 0770 system cache | ||
+ | mkdir /config 0500 root root | ||
mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root | mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root | ||
mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m | mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m | ||
− | + | - mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount | |
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1 | write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1 | ||
Line 398: | Line 436: | ||
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000 | write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000 | ||
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000 | write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000 | ||
+ | write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_compat_yield 1 | ||
+ | write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first 0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ... | ||
# mount mtd partitions | # mount mtd partitions | ||
# Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint | # Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint | ||
− | + | - mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system | |
− | + | - mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount | |
− | + | + # Mount the SD Card partition | |
− | + | + setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted | |
− | + | + mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev | |
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults | # We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults | ||
− | + | - mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev | |
chown system system /data | chown system system /data | ||
chmod 0771 /data | chmod 0771 /data | ||
+ | |||
+ | ... | ||
# Same reason as /data above | # Same reason as /data above | ||
− | + | - mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev | |
chown system cache /cache | chown system cache /cache | ||
chmod 0770 /cache | chmod 0770 /cache | ||
Line 420: | Line 464: | ||
chown system system /cache/recovery | chown system system /cache/recovery | ||
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery | chmod 0770 /cache/recovery | ||
+ | |||
+ | ... | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Line 427: | Line 473: | ||
$ make | $ make | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | ==Making | + | |
− | ===Android Root | + | ==Making Rootfs== |
− | Android emulator has 3 basic images | + | ===Android Root filesystem=== |
+ | Android emulator has 3 basic images in ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/tools/lib/images'' directory. | ||
* '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system. | * '''ramdisk.img''' is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system. | ||
* '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries. | * '''system.img''' is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries. | ||
* '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data. | * '''userdata.img''' is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data. | ||
− | ===Create the Android root filesystem for | + | ===Create the Android root filesystem for APF27=== |
− | Android’s root | + | Android’s root filesystem is generated in ''$ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic''. We will create a folder containing all Android files images. |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ | $ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ | ||
Line 443: | Line 490: | ||
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/ | $ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/ | ||
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs | $ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs | ||
− | $ sudo chown -R root | + | $ sudo chown -R root:root . |
− | $ sudo chmod -R a+ | + | $ sudo chmod -R a+rwx data system |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
===JFFS2 Root file system=== | ===JFFS2 Root file system=== | ||
− | Actually, Android should use a | + | Actually, Android should use a filesystem that supports mmap() function like yaffs2, ext2/3 or ubifs. For our example we will use ext3 on a microSD for data. |
+ | |||
====Prepare the MMC/µSD card==== | ====Prepare the MMC/µSD card==== | ||
− | We will create two partitions on our | + | We will create two partitions on our SD/microSD card, The first one will use for Android "memory card", the second one will be used for Android filesystem. |
− | First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the | + | First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the SD/microSD card inside. Type the '''dmesg''' command to see which device is used by your workstation. |
+ | {{Warning|Using the wrong device to format the SD/microSD card may corrupt your workstation/laptop harddisk !}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Let’s assume that this device is '''/dev/sdb''': | ||
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
$ dmesg | $ dmesg | ||
Line 459: | Line 510: | ||
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 | [ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | + | * Launch the ''mount'' command to check your currently mounted partitions. If SD/microSD partitions are mounted, unmount them with ''umount''. | |
− | In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk: | + | * In a terminal edit partitions with ''fdisk'': |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | sudo fdisk /dev/sdb | + | $ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb |
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | Delete any existing partition with the d command | + | * Delete any existing partition with the d command: |
− | Now, create the boot partition: | + | <pre class="host"> |
+ | Commande (m for help): d | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | * Now, create the boot partition: | ||
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
Command (m for help): n | Command (m for help): n | ||
Line 476: | Line 530: | ||
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G | Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | Change its type to FAT32: | + | * Change its type to FAT32: |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
Command (m for help): t | Command (m for help): t | ||
Line 483: | Line 537: | ||
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA)) | Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA)) | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values). | + | * Using the n command again, create a second primary partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values). |
− | + | * Quit ''fdisk'' and save your changes: | |
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | + | Command (m for help): w | |
− | + | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
+ | * Now, format the partitions in your card: | ||
+ | <pre class="host"> | ||
+ | $ sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1 | ||
+ | $ sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2 | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
====Boot setup==== | ====Boot setup==== | ||
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2 | $ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | <pre class="host"> | |
− | <pre class=" | + | $ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs |
− | + | $ sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /media/mmc/ | |
− | + | $ sudo cp -a * /media/mmc/ | |
− | + | $ sudo umount /media/mmc/ | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | * The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot occur on second partition of the SD/microSD card, set the correct rootfs type and add correct init process name: | |
− | + | <pre class="apf"> | |
− | The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the | + | BIOS> printenv mmcroot |
− | <pre class="apf"> | + | mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk0p1 |
− | + | BIOS> setenv mmcroot /dev/mmcblk0p2 | |
− | + | ||
− | + | BIOS> printenv mmcrootfstype | |
− | + | mmcrootfstype=ext2 | |
+ | BIOS> setenv mmcrootfstype ext3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | BIOS> printenv console | ||
+ | console=console=ttySMX0,115200 | ||
+ | BIOS> setenv console console=ttySMX0,115200 init=/init | ||
+ | |||
+ | BIOS> saveenv | ||
+ | BIOS> run mmcboot | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | * if you definitely want to boot android each time on your board, you can do: | ||
+ | <pre class="apf"> | ||
+ | BIOS> setenv bootcmd run mmcboot | ||
+ | BIOS> saveenv | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===NFS Boot=== | ||
+ | <pre class="apf"> | ||
+ | BIOS> setenv rootpath /local/export/android-eclair | ||
+ | BIOS> setenv console console=ttySMX0,115200 init=/init | ||
+ | BIOS> run nfsboot | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Line 519: | Line 597: | ||
Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)] | Installing the [http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.6_r1/installing.html Android Development Tools (ADT)] | ||
Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT | Trace with '''logcat''' with Eclipse-ADT | ||
− | <pre class="host"> | + | <pre class="host"> |
− | + | export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z | |
− | + | adb kill-server | |
+ | adb start-server | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Line 527: | Line 606: | ||
Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator] | Documentation on Android [http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html emulator] | ||
<pre class="host"> | <pre class="host"> | ||
− | + | cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel | |
− | + | make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig | |
− | + | make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi | |
− | + | </pre> | |
− | + | Create AVD (Android Virtual Device) | |
− | + | <pre class="host"> | |
− | + | $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480 | |
+ | $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272 | ||
+ | $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
+ | * http://source.android.com/porting | ||
* [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org] | * [http://elinux.org/Android Android page on elinux.org] | ||
** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org] | ** [http://elinux.org/Android_on_OMAP Android on OMAP portage page on elinux.org] | ||
Line 543: | Line 625: | ||
==Thanks== | ==Thanks== | ||
− | Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel | + | Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel from the [https://www.eia-fr.ch/fr/ Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg] for their contributions. |
Latest revision as of 14:28, 3 November 2011
This page will summarize the efforts made to have Android running on the APF boards.
Note: Due to Android requirements (at least an ARM926 core), it is impossible to have it running on the APF9328. Currently, only APF27 port was tested. |
Contents
Some readings before starting
Prerequisites for Android installation
Install needed software packages
- Install these packages to build the kernel image and to format the SD/microSD card
sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils
- The Armadeus Toolchain, only for Armadeus patches
Update the environment variables
Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!
export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/android-eclair export ANDROID_KERNEL=~/android-kernel export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1 export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin
Download Android source
- List of different Android branch: heads.
- The "Initializing a Build Environment" document describes how to set up your local work/build environment. Follow the given instructions until Downloading the Source Tree / Installing Repo chapter.
$ mkdir -p $ANDROID_SOURCE $ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE $ mkdir bin $ curl https://dl-ssl.google.com/dl/googlesource/git-repo/repo > $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo $ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo $ export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin ##$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b eclair-release ??? $ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest -b android-2.1_r2 $ repo sync (will take some time and ~1,5GBytes)
- Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't included with the Android source anymore. We can download it in a compressed archive (tar.gz): android-kernel-2.6.29 (about 70 MBytes) or from the git repository (more than 300 MBytes):
$ mkdir $ANDROID_KERNEL $ cd $ANDROID_KERNEL $ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29
- If kernel.org is down, you can still get android kernel sources from GitHub mirror (zip file): https://github.com/android/kernel_common/tree/archive/android-2.6.29
- Updates ANDROID_KERNEL envt variable:
ANDROID_KERNEL=$ANDROID_KERNEL/android-2.6.29
Linux Kernel 2.6.29
Apply the Armadeus patchset
- Before compiling the android kernel, we need to patch the source with the Armadeus patches.
Warning: Never export ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE environment variables because Android make use them too |
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_KERNEL $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.6.bz2
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_KERNEL $ARMADEUS/patches/linux/2.6.29 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2} $ mkdir $ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/armadeus $ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/armadeus
- To generate the Linux kernel, we retrieve the default APF27 Linux configuration and modify it to suit android needs:
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_KERNEL/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig $ cd $ANDROID_KERNEL $ make ARCH=arm mrproper (if not first build) $ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig $ make ARCH=arm menuconfig
- Compile it:
$ PATH=$PATH:$ARMADEUS/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin (to have mkimage tool) $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage $ cp $ANDROID_KERNEL/arch/arm/boot/uImage /tftpboot/apf27-linux.bin
- Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board.
Android kernel configuration
- Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system):
$ cd $ANDROID_KERNEL $ make ARCH=arm menuconfig
- Activate the Android pmem allocator
Device Drivers ---> [*] Misc devices ---> [*] Android pmem allocator
- Activate the Android drivers
Device Drivers ---> [*] Staging drivers ---> [ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW) ... Android ---> [*] Android Drivers [*] Android Binder IPC Driver <*> Android log driver [ ] Android RAM buffer console [*] Timed output class driver (NEW) < > Android timed gpio driver (NEW) [*] Android Low Memory Killer
- Activate the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem
General setup ---> [*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem
Power management configuration
Power management options ---> [*] Wake lock [*] Wake lock stats (NEW) [*] Userspace wake locks (NEW) [*] Early suspend (NEW) User-space screen access (Console switch on early-suspend) ---> (X) Sysfs interface Device Drivers ---> <*> Power supply class support --->
Touchscreen kernel configuration
- Activate the wake lock for spi event reach to Android and include in the compiled kernel the touchscreen driver
Device Drivers ---> Input device support ---> [*] Touchscreens ---> <*> TSC 2102 based touchscreens ... <*> Hardware Monitoring support --->
Audio kernel configuration
- Include in the compiled kernel the audio driver
Device Drivers ---> <*> Sound card support ---> --- Sound card support <*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---> [*] ARM sound devices ---> --- ARM sound <*> i.MX27 SSI driver <*> TSC210x alsa driver
Modify touchscreen driver
- Android doesn't use tslib library, so we have to add the calibration data directly in the touchscreen driver.
- Edit $ANDROID_KERNEL/drivers/input/touchscreen/tsc2102_ts.c and add new definitions for X and Y ranges:
#include <linux/spi/tsc2102.h>
#define DRIVER_NAME "TSC210x Touchscreen"
+#define X_AXIS_MAX 4000
+#define X_AXIS_MIN 0
+#define Y_AXIS_MAX 4200
+#define Y_AXIS_MIN 100
+#define PRESSURE_MIN 20
+#define PRESSURE_MAX 40000
+#define FACTOR 5000
- Send touch event to Android when the user release the touchscreen:
static void tsc210x_touch(int touching)
{
if (!touching) {
- input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, 0);
- input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, 0);
+ input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);
input_sync(dev);
}
- input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, touching);
-
- do_poke_blanked_console = 1;
}
static void tsc210x_coords(int x, int y, int z1, int z2)
{
int p;
/* Calculate the touch resistance a la equation #1 */
if (z1 != 0)
- p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4);
+ p = x * (z2 - z1) / (z1 << 4) * FACTOR;
else
p = 1;
+ y = Y_AXIS_MAX - y;
+ input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, x);
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, y);
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, p);
input_sync(dev);
}
- Calibrate the touchscreen with X and Y ranges
static int tsc210x_ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int status;
dev = input_allocate_device();
if (!dev)
return -ENOMEM;
status = tsc210x_touch_cb(tsc210x_touch);
if (status) {
goto error;
}
status = tsc210x_coords_cb(tsc210x_coords);
if (status) {
goto error;
}
dev->name = DRIVER_NAME;
dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);
dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] |= BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);
dev->absbit[0] = BIT_MASK(ABS_X) | BIT_MASK(ABS_Y) | BIT_MASK(ABS_PRESSURE);
+ input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, X_AXIS_MIN, X_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);
+ input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, Y_AXIS_MIN, Y_AXIS_MAX, 0, 0);
+ input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, PRESSURE_MIN, PRESSURE_MAX, 0, 0);
status = input_register_device(dev);
if (status) {
printk(KERN_INFO "Unable to register TSC210x as input device !\n");
goto error;
}
printk(DRIVER_NAME " driver initialized\n");
return 0;
error:
input_free_device(dev);
return status;
}
Build Android kernel
- Compile the kernel and generate image kernel for U-Boot loader:
$ cd $ANDROID_KERNEL $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage $ cp $ANDROID_KERNEL/arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin
- Check it is still booting on your board.
Android
Battery patch
Note: I'm not sure the following changes for Battery are still needed if "Power class supply" is selected in Linux menuconfig (cf above) -- JulienB 13:16, 3 November 2011 (UTC) |
At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board.
Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under /sys/class/power_supply so that to prevent the power down by low battery $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp
- Change the battery service status as TRUE
static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)
{
const int SIZE = 16;
char buf[SIZE];
jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */
/*!!!comment out!!!
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {
if (buf[0] == '1') {
value = true;
}
}
*/
env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);
}
- Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.
static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)
{
const int SIZE = 128;
char buf[SIZE];
jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */
/*!!!comment out!!!
if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {
value = atoi(buf);
}
*/
env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);
}
- Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.
static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);
setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);
setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);
setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);
/* Change */
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));
/*!!!comment out!!!
const int SIZE = 128;
char buf[SIZE];
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)
env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));
if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)
env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));
*/
}
Audio
For activate the audio, we should retrieve Alsa android module whose not directly add in the source
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/external git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-lib.git git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/external/alsa-utils.git cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/hardware/alsa_sound.git
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/board/generic/BoardConfig.mk and modify the audio divers used by Android
# HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true # BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/hardware/alsa_sound/AudioHardwareALSA.cpp and change bufferSize to 8192 in twice StreamDefaults structures
edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/init/devices.c and add audio device in Linux devices
static struct perms_ devperms[] = {
{ "/dev/null", 0666, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, 0 },
...
{ "/dev/qmi1", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },
{ "/dev/qmi2", 0640, AID_RADIO, AID_RADIO, 0 },
// Add this line
{ "/dev/snd/", 0664, AID_SYSTEM, AID_AUDIO, 1 },
{ NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
};
static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)
{
char devpath[96];
char *base, *name;
int block;
...
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {
base = "/dev/mtd/";
mkdir(base, 0755);
// add this conditionnal block
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {
base = "/dev/snd/";
mkdir(base, 0755);
} else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) &&
!strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {
base = "/dev/log/";
mkdir(base, 0755);
name += 4;
} else
base = "/dev/";
}
Add audio files in Android files system
mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/effects/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ui/ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Alarm_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/alarms/ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/notifications/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/notifications/ cp $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/data/sounds/Ring_* $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/media/audio/ringtones/
Android start up
Edit $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir/init.rc, comment/remove/change the mount roofs in read only mode and mount yaffs2 lines like this:
# setup the global environment export PATH /sbin:/system/sbin:/system/bin:/system/xbin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH /system/lib export ANDROID_BOOTLOGO 1 export ANDROID_ROOT /system export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app export ANDROID_DATA /data export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard export BOOTCLASSPATH /system/framework/core.jar:/system/framework/ext.jar:/system/framework/framework.jar:/system/framework/android.policy.jar:/system/framework/services.jar + mount rootfs rootfs / rw remount # Backward compatibility symlink /system/etc /etc symlink /sys/kernel/debug /d # create mountpoints and mount tmpfs on sqlite_stmt_journals mkdir /sdcard 0000 system system mkdir /system mkdir /data 0771 system system mkdir /cache 0770 system cache mkdir /config 0500 root root mkdir /sqlite_stmt_journals 01777 root root mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals size=4m - mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1 write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0 write /proc/cpu/alignment 4 write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000 write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000 write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_compat_yield 1 write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first 0 ... # mount mtd partitions # Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint - mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system - mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount + # Mount the SD Card partition + setprop EXTERNAL_STORAGE_STATE mounted + mount vfat /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /sdcard nosuid nodev # We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults - mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev chown system system /data chmod 0771 /data ... # Same reason as /data above - mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev chown system cache /cache chmod 0770 /cache # This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions chown system system /cache/recovery chmod 0770 /cache/recovery ...
Compile
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE $ make
Making Rootfs
Android Root filesystem
Android emulator has 3 basic images in $ANDROID_SOURCE/tools/lib/images directory.
- ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.
- system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.
- userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.
Create the Android root filesystem for APF27
Android’s root filesystem is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic. We will create a folder containing all Android files images.
$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ $ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic $ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs $ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ $ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/ $ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs $ sudo chown -R root:root . $ sudo chmod -R a+rwx data system
JFFS2 Root file system
Actually, Android should use a filesystem that supports mmap() function like yaffs2, ext2/3 or ubifs. For our example we will use ext3 on a microSD for data.
Prepare the MMC/µSD card
We will create two partitions on our SD/microSD card, The first one will use for Android "memory card", the second one will be used for Android filesystem. First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the SD/microSD card inside. Type the dmesg command to see which device is used by your workstation.
Warning: Using the wrong device to format the SD/microSD card may corrupt your workstation/laptop harddisk ! |
- Let’s assume that this device is /dev/sdb:
$ dmesg ... [ 9145.613954] sdb: sdb1 sdb2 [ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
- Launch the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If SD/microSD partitions are mounted, unmount them with umount.
- In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
- Delete any existing partition with the d command:
Commande (m for help): d
- Now, create the boot partition:
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G
- Change its type to FAT32:
Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): c Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))
- Using the n command again, create a second primary partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).
- Quit fdisk and save your changes:
Command (m for help): w
- Now, format the partitions in your card:
$ sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1 $ sudo mkfs.ext2 -L data /dev/sdb2
Boot setup
$ sudo mkfs.jffs2 -n -e 0x20000 --pad=0x700000 -r $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs -o $TFTPBOOT/apf27-rootfs.arm.jffs2
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs $ sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /media/mmc/ $ sudo cp -a * /media/mmc/ $ sudo umount /media/mmc/
- The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux. In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot occur on second partition of the SD/microSD card, set the correct rootfs type and add correct init process name:
BIOS> printenv mmcroot mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk0p1 BIOS> setenv mmcroot /dev/mmcblk0p2 BIOS> printenv mmcrootfstype mmcrootfstype=ext2 BIOS> setenv mmcrootfstype ext3 BIOS> printenv console console=console=ttySMX0,115200 BIOS> setenv console console=ttySMX0,115200 init=/init BIOS> saveenv BIOS> run mmcboot
- if you definitely want to boot android each time on your board, you can do:
BIOS> setenv bootcmd run mmcboot BIOS> saveenv
NFS Boot
BIOS> setenv rootpath /local/export/android-eclair BIOS> setenv console console=ttySMX0,115200 init=/init BIOS> run nfsboot
Debug
Prerequisite
Installing the Android Development Tools (ADT) Trace with logcat with Eclipse-ADT
export ADBHOST=w.x.y.z adb kill-server adb start-server
Test with Android emulator
Documentation on Android emulator
cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$ANDROID_SOURCE/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi
Create AVD (Android Virtual Device)
$ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 4 -s 272x480 $ANDROID_SDK/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 4 -s 480x272 $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic/system.img
Links
- http://source.android.com/porting
- Android page on elinux.org
- Android on OpenMoko
- http://wiki.kldp.org/wiki.php/AndroidPortingOnRealTarget
Thanks
Thanks to Xavier Romanens and Fabrice Carrel from the Ecole d'ingénieurs et d'architectes de Fribourg for their contributions.