Difference between revisions of "User:NicolasD"

Revision as of 16:43, 31 July 2009

Désolé de pourrir les 'recent changes' :)

Truc utile

GRUB sur clé USB

Voici une petite astuce pour :

• ne plus perdre GRUB lors de la réinstallation de Windows
• ne plus avoir accès à Windows après l'installation de Linux
• rendre inaccessible la partition Linux sur votre machine

L'astuce est d'installer que GRUB sur une clé USB. Attention, l'ordre des actions est important

• Formater la cle USB en fat32 (gparted)
• Récupérer la liste des disques monter ainsi que leur ID

$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="CC5C86435C862872" TYPE="ntfs" 
/dev/sda5: UUID="aad30bf1-d620-4244-9fb5-42f4a38075fb" TYPE="ext3" 
/dev/sda6: TYPE="swap" UUID="e3163bab-1fcc-4bcd-844d-7dcabc35015c" 
/dev/sdb1: UUID="4C9D-547F" TYPE="vfat" 

• installer Grub sur la clé USB

$ grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/disk /dev/sdb1  (remplacer sdb1 par la valeur récupérée avec la commande précédente)

• demonter le disque USB

$ sudo umount /media/disk

• Installer le MBR

$ sudo install-mbr /dev/sdb1

• Mettre le flag boot sur la clé USB (gparted)

make gconfig

Installer les bibliothèques pour lancer make gconfig

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev  libglib2.0-dev  libglade2-dev

Banc à sable

Ce qui suit n'est qu'un brouillon avec les fautes de frappes et d'orthographes comme il se doit.

Prerequisites for Linux installation

Install needed software packages

• Install these package for build the kernel image and for format the mmc/µSD card

$ sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage mtd-utils

• Toolchain

Update the environment variables

Theses environment variables install the Android and Armadeus folder in our home directory, but of course, it can be placed anywhere!

export ANDROID_SOURCE=~/apf27droid
export ANDROID_SDK=~/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3
export ARMADEUS=~/armadeus-3.1
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_SDK}/tools:${ANDROID_SOURCE}/bin

Construction of Android environment

Download Android source

The getting Android source document describes how to set up our local work environment. Follow theses instructions until Installing Repo chapter.

$ mkdir ANDROID_SOURCE
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE
$ mkdir bin
$ curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo >$ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo
$ chmod a+x $ANDROID_SOURCE/bin/repo
$ repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b android-sdk-1.5_r3
$ repo sync

Since android-sdk-1.5_r3 branch, the Linux kernel isn't with the Android source, We can download it in a compress archive (tar.gz) file with this android-kernel-2.6.29 (about (70Mib) or with git repository (more 300Mib)

$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel
$ git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common.git android-2.6.29

Apply the Armadeus patchset

Before compiling the kernel, we patch the source with the Armadeus patches. In second time, I will give the URL to retrieve Linux 2.6.29.4 patch.

$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/downloads patch-2.6.29.4.bz2
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/kernel-headers linux-2.6.29.4-\*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}
$ $ARMADEUS/buildroot/toolchain/patch-kernel.sh $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/linux/kernel-patches/2.6.29.4 \*.patch{,.gz,.bz2}
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus
$ cp -r $ARMADEUS/target/linux/modules/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/drivers/armadeus
$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig

Battery patch

At the beginning, reboot happened over again even though Android logo appeared on board. Result of investigation, we found that battery power was returned with 0 when boot.. Then, we changed to notify full battery to Android by ignoring the information under /sys/class/power_supply so that to prevent the power down by low battery $ANDROID_SOURCE/frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp

• Change the battery service status as TRUE

static void setBooleanField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)
{
   const int SIZE = 16;
   char buf[SIZE];

   jboolean value = true; /* change false -> true */
   /*!!!comment out!!!
   if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {
      if (buf[0] == '1') {
         value = true;
      }
   }
   */
   env->SetBooleanField(obj, fieldID, value);
}

• Change the volume, voltage and temperature of battery. Return 100%.

static void setIntField(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, const char* path, jfieldID fieldID)
{
   const int SIZE = 128;
   char buf[SIZE];

   jint value = 100; /* change 0 -> 100 */
   /*!!!comment out!!!
   if (readFromFile(path, buf, SIZE) > 0) {
      value = atoi(buf);
   }
   */
   env->SetIntField(obj, fieldID, value);
}

• Change the battery charged status as full and deterioration status as fair.

static void android_server_BatteryService_update(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
   setBooleanField(env, obj, AC_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mAcOnline);
   setBooleanField(env, obj, USB_ONLINE_PATH, gFieldIds.mUsbOnline);
   setBooleanField(env, obj, BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent);

   setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel);
   setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage);
   setIntField(env, obj, BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH, gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature);

   /* Change */
   env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, gConstants.statusFull);
   env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, gConstants.healthGood);
   env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF("1"));

   /*!!!comment out!!!
   const int SIZE = 128;
   char buf[SIZE];

   if (readFromFile(BATTERY_STATUS_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)
      env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus, getBatteryStatus(buf));

   if (readFromFile(BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)
      env->SetIntField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth, getBatteryHealth(buf));

   if (readFromFile(BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH, buf, SIZE) > 0)
      env->SetObjectField(obj, gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology, env->NewStringUTF(buf));
   */
}

Android kernel configuration (2.6.29)

$ cp $ARMADEUS/buildroot/target/device/armadeus/apf27/apf27-linux-2.6.29.config $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel/arch/arm/configs/apf27_android_defconfig
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/kernel
$ make ARCH=arm mrproper
$ make ARCH=arm apf27_android_defconfig
$ make ARCH=arm menuconfig

Make sure your kernel boots normally on your board. Then enable some Android specific configuration and make sure that your kernel still boots (with your standard file system).

• Android pmem allocator

| General setup  --->
| ... 
| Device Drivers  --->
+ |     Generic Driver Options  --->
  | ...
  | [*] Misc devices  --->
  + | --- Misc devices
    | [*]   Android pmem allocator

• Android drivers

| General setup  --->
| ... 
| Device Drivers  --->
+ |     Generic Driver Options  --->
  | ...
  | [*] Staging drivers  ---> 
  + | --- Staging drivers
    | [ ]   Exclude Staging drivers from being built (NEW)
    | ...
    |          Android  --->
    + | [*] Android Drivers
      | [*] Android Binder IPC Driver
      | <*> Android log driver  
      | [ ] Android RAM buffer console
      | [*] Timed output class driver (NEW)
      | < >   Android timed gpio driver (NEW)
      | [*] Android Low Memory Killer 

• Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem

| General setup  --->
+ | ...
  | [*] Enable the Anonymous Shared Memory Subsystem

Build Android kernel

$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi- uImage
$ cp ./arch/arm/boot/uImage $TFTPBOOT/apf27-linux.bin

Making SD card for boot

Copying the Android root filesystem

Android’s root file system is generated in $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic

$ sudo rm -rf $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/out/target/product/generic
$ mkdir $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs
$ cp -a root/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/
$ cp -a system/* $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/system/
$ cd $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs
$ sudo chown -R root.root .
$ sudo chmod -R a+rwX data system

Change init.rc

Open $ANDROID_SOURCE/system/core/rootdir and comment the 'mount yaffs2' lines like this:

...
# mount mtd partitions
    # Mount /system rw first to give the filesystem a chance to save a checkpoint
    # mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system 
    # mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remount

    # We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults
    # mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev
    chown system system /data
    chmod 0771 /data

    # Same reason as /data above
    # mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev
    chown system cache /cache
    chmod 0770 /cache

    # This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions
    chown system system /cache/recovery
    chmod 0770 /cache/recovery
...

Formatting an MMC/SD card

We will create two partitions on our mmc/µSD card, The first one will use for Android memory card, the second one will use for Android file system. First connect your card reader to your workstation, with the mmc/µSD card inside. Type the dmesg command to see which device is used by your workstation. Let’s assume that this device is /dev/sdb

$ dmesg
...
[ 9145.613954]  sdb: sdb1 sdb2
[ 9145.615125] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 9145.615258] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0

Type the mount command to check your currently mounted partitions. If MMC/SD partitions are mounted, unmount them.
In a terminal edit partitions with fdisk:

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

Delete any existing partition with the d command.
Now, create the boot partition:

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-495, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-239, default 239): +1G

Change its type to FAT32:

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): c
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))

Using the n command again, create a second partition filling up the rest of your card (just accept default values).
Now, format the partitions in your card:

sudo mkfs.vfat -n MemoryCard -F 32 /dev/sdb1
sudo mkfs.ext2 -L AndroidFS /dev/sdb2

Remove and insert your card again. Your new partitions should be mounted automatically.

Copying data to the MMC/SD card

Now copy the Android root filesystem to the second partition.

sudo rsync -a $ANDROID_SOURCE/rootfs/ /media/AndroidFS/

Finish by unmounting your mmc/µSD partitions:

sudo umount /media/MemoryCard
sudo umount /media/AndroidFS

Boot setup

The last thing left to do is to specify how the board boots Linux.
In the U-boot prompt, make the mmc boot is on second partition of the mmc/µSD card

 
# setenv mmcroot '/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw'

Now set the kernel command line arguments

 
# setenv addmmcargs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype} init=\init androidboot.console=ttyS0'
# saveenv

Debug

Trace with strace

 
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc
# strace chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0

Trave with logcat

 
# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /mnt/mmc
# chroot /mnt/mmc /init androidboot.console=ttyS0 &
# chroot /mnt/mmc /system/bin/logcat

Test with Android emulator

emulator

$ make ARCH=arm goldfish_defconfig
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=../prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.2.1/bin/arm-eabi
# créer des AVD (Android Virtual Device)
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-H -t 2 -s 272x480
$ ~/dev/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools/android create avd -n APF27-L -t 2 -s 480x272
$ $ANDROID/out/host/linux-x86/bin/emulator -avd APF27-H -sysdir $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ -kernel $ANDROID/kernel/arch/arm/boot/zImage -data $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -ramdisk $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -system $ANDROID/out/target/product/generic/system.img

Android Root File system

Android emulator has 3 basic images on tools/lib/images directory.

• ramdisk.img is gziped cpio archive. ramdisk.img is a small partition image that is mounted read-only by the kernel at boot time. It only contains /init and a few config files. It is used to start init which will mount the rest of the system images properly and run the init procedure. A Ramdisk is a standard Linux feature. It is made just for the Android and do special things to start up the Android system.
• system.img is a partition image that will be mounted as / and thus contains all system binaries.
• userdata.img is a partition image that can be mounted as /data and thus contains all application-specific and user-specific data.

/system directory has libraries and default system packages (*.apk). /data directory has timezone, cache, and ApiDemos.apk package.
The main services are zygote(/system/bin/app_process), runtime(/system/bin/runtime), and dbus(/system/bin/dbus-daemon). You can see the /etc/init.rc file on the Android ramdisk image.

 
...
zygote {
    exec /system/bin/app_process
    args {
        0 -Xzygote
        1 /system/bin
        2 --zygote
    }
    autostart 1
}
runtime {
    exec /system/bin/runtime
    autostart 1
}
...
dbus {
    exec /system/bin/dbus-daemon
    args.0 --system
    args.1 --nofork
    autostart 1
}
...